Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 1920 – 16 April 1958), was born in London, the daughter of Ellis Arthur Franklin (1894–1964) and Muriel Frances Waley (1894–1976).
She was a chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made important contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. The importance of her work on coal and on viruses was widely recognised in her lifetime, but her key contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA were largely recognised posthumously.
For much more, see Wikipedia entry.