Cromwell Hanford Varley
Cromwell Hanford Varley (1890-1949)
1949 Obituary [1]
1950 Obituary [2]
"Cdr. CROMWELL HANFORD VARLEY, D.S.C., R.N. (ret.), will be remembered as the originator of the idea of using midget submarines in the Royal Navy, and he was a pioneer in developing the human torpedo on a non-suicidal basis.
He was born in Tangier in 1890, and joined HMS Britannia in 1905, passing out four years later. He was in command of submarines throughout the war of 1914-18 and was awarded the D.S.C. for sinking an enemy submarine off Wilhelmshaven.
On his retirement from the Service with the rank of commander, in 1923, he devoted his attention to the design of hydraulic machinery, in which branch of mechanical engineering he speedily established a wide reputation. In 1931 he founded the firm of Messrs. Varley Pumps and Engineering, Ltd., at North Acton, London, becoming general manager and technical director two years later. He assumed office as chairman and managing director in 1947. He had, in the meantime, built an experimental workshop in which he developed the first paracyclic pump, which was manufactured under licence in America and used extensively as a petrol pump for dispensing units. His capacity for design enabled him to produce several other varieties of pumps such as the gear-wheel, vane, and centrifugal types. When the Admiralty eventually adopted his scheme of using midget submarines to enter enemy harbours to place "limpet" mines on the bottom of ships, he designed and built the first craft, whose sister ships carried out the successful attack on the German battleship Tirpitz in Alten Fiord in 1943. Other of his inventions were nitrogen reducing valves for aircraft, and a hydraulic power lift for agricultural tractors. Commander Varley was elected a Member of the Institution in 1949, and was a frequent attendant at the meetings.
His death occurred on 11th November 1949."