George Christian Darbyshire

George Christian Darbyshire (1820-1898), chief engineer of Victorian Railways, Australia, was a civil engineer.

His brother, John Darbyshire who went to Victoria, became Mining Surveyor and later Inspector of Mines with the Victorian government Mines department.

1820 January 22nd. Born at Woolwich (at sea?) the second son of George Darbyshire, surveyor and railway engineer, and his wife Elizabeth Smith (possibly Lucy)

Later Darbyshire worked under Robert Stephenson and was involved on the various lines in the north engineered by him.

1846 December 10th. Married at Derby to Maria the daughter of Samuel Wragg, an engineer who also worked for George Stephenson, and the widow of a man called Stafford who was killed in an accident.

1851 Living at Hall Dale, Derby: George Christian Derbyshire (age 38 born Portsmouth), Land Surveyor. With his wife Maria Derbyshire (age 45 born Pentrich, Derbyshire). Also his brother Samuel Derbyshire (age 19 born Ireland). Also a visitor and one servant.

1863 June 12th. In evidence to the Select Committee on the Chewton Railway Station he related that his whole railway experience in Britain had been on the Midland Railway. Robert Stephenson was engineer for the Midland Railway on which construction began in February 1837.

He may also have trained as a surveyor in England, being initially employed by his father in the firm of George Darbyshire and Sons, then with his brother in the partnership John and George C. Darbyshire and were responsible for a number of surveys for Tithe maps in around 1839-41.

1853 Darbyshire travelled to Australia with his wife Maria on the Pemambuco arriving in Melbourne on 7 July 1853 and became Engineer of Construction, and District Surveyor under Victorian Government at Williamstown in 1854.

He was also appointed deputy surveyor general of Victoria on 9 April 1857, to the Board of Science on 4 June 1858, and Territorial Magistrate for Wyndham on 7 April 1865.

He took up a post as Engineer of the Melbourne and Mount Alexander Railway in 1855. He was then appointed as Engineer in Engineer-in-Chief of the Victorian Railways from 1 April 1856 to 17 May 1860 when he was replaced by Thomas Higinbotham.

The Victorian Government Railway Department was established as part of the Board of Land and Works in 1856. Among Darbyshire's first responsibilities was supervising the design and construction of the Melbourne, Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway Company line to Bendigo and Echuca.

Darbyshire saw himself as an engineer, and was recruited to the Survey Department by the Surveyor General Andrew Clarke, as an engineer. In response to a question when appearing before the Select Committee upon the Railways on 4 May 1860 to describe an engineer he stated – 'A man who has actually been employed for some years, having actual experience in the working and construction is a civil engineer, as compared with the man who has no experience in works of construction'.

Darbyshire was well experienced in railway work when he went to Victoria and was highly skilled in surveying for, and designing, a rail line. A small but significant example, is that the lines were set out with the section in the stations above the general grade and at a flatter grade than the line. This produced a situation where the trains approached the platform on an up grade that aided braking, and departed on a down grade that aided starting. Thomas Higinbotham was not aware of this detail in design and changed some station locations after he took over to the detriment of efficient running. The Chewton Station had to be abandoned because the trains to Castlemaine could not stop on the grade at the point where Higinbotham placed it, and the trains to Melbourne were unable to start again up the grade if they stopped at the station. Surveying and later career

In the 1860s and 1870s, Darbyshire was a licensed surveyor undertaking township and rural surveys for Government and private practice. He may also have won a tender for surveying part of the Victoria/South Australia Border, and was responsible for the Town Plan of Lorne in 1871.[9]

Darbyshire had risen to District Surveyor at Williamstown, the most senior position in the Department under the Deputy Surveyor General, when Clarke directed him to carry out surveys for country rail lines.

He accepted the appointment as Chief Engineer of the Railways on the condition that he retained his substantive appointment as District Surveyor Williamstown and could return to that at any time (See letter of 28 May 1856 referred to above.). He acted as Deputy Surveyor General from May to July 1857 while holding the position of Chief engineer. He returned to his position as District Surveyor on resigning his position as Chief Engineer Railways.

Darbyshire was also Surveyor General of Victoria in 1857 and reported extensively on railway and bridge engineering to a number of select committees and is credited with the design of a number of early and important railway structures such as the Saltwater River Bridge on the Maribyrnong River. He was responsible for the design of the Geelong to Ballarat railway as well as that to Bendigo and Echuca. As engineer in Chief, he was responsible for supervising the design of five major iron bridges, including the Warren truss Moorabool Viaduct, the plate girder bridge at Jackson's Creek, and in particular, the five span continuous box girder viaduct at Taradale. In Britain at the time they were tentatively doing two span continuous girders.

Darbyshire remained in the Survey Department and became Surveyor General. He was one of the 137 officials removed from office on "Black Wednesday" on 8 January 1878 when the Government was denied supply. He, like a number of other senior officers, was not reappointed.

Darbyshire returned to the railway department in 1881 as Engineer for Construction and Surveys, laying out many new lines. On the unexpected death of Robert Watson in 1891 he again became Chief Engineer a position he held until his near his death.

In other areas of interest, Darbyshire was appointed as a trustee of the Werribee Cemetery in February 1865. He is listed in 1891 in the first list published of Licensed Surveyors under the Transfer of Land Act, 1890 with his address as Railway Department, Melbourne.

Darbyshire had offices in Temple Court on Collins Street but resided at a substantial property at The Grange in Wyndham Werribee, where he contributed to the local community as Magistrate. In his last years he moved to Power Street Hawthorn, where he lived out his life as a Pensioner of the Victorian Government (Railways).

1898 March 5th. Died aged 78 years. He was buried at Werribee Cemetery

See Also

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Sources of Information

• Wikipedia