Rolls-Royce: Aero Engines

‎‎

December 1939.

Merlin 6. Exhibit at the Brooklands Museum.

Nene. Exhibit at the Brooklands Museum.

Tyne. Exhibit at the Brooklands Museum.

Welland. Exhibit at the Brooklands Museum.

Falcon III. Exhibit at the Shuttleworth Collection.

Merlin III. Exhibit at the Shuttleworth Collection.

Griffon Mk 58. Exhibit at the Shuttleworth Collection.

January 1952.

Note: This is a sub-section of Rolls-Royce

General

1915 The company's first aero engine was the Eagle completed in October 1915. Designed to produce 200 hp, in practice it showed 255 hp. By 918 this engine was producing 360 hp at 1,800 rpm.

1915 December. Designed the Hawk engine to produce 75 hp at 1,350 rpm. By October 1918 it had been increased to 105 hp.

1916 April. The Falcon engine gave 205 hp and by July 1918 was producing 285 hp.

Around half the aircraft engines used by the Allies in World War I were made by Rolls-Royce.

1919 John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown fly the Atlantic in a Vickers Vimy fitted with two Eagle engines

1919 Ross Smith and his brother Keith Smith fly from England to Australia in a Rolls-Royce engined Vimy

By the late 1920s, aero engines made up most of Rolls-Royce's business.

1933 The Condor engine was produced.

1935 Henry Royce's last design was the Merlin aero engine, which came out in 1935, although he had died in 1933. This was developed after the R engine, which had powered a record-breaking Supermarine S6B seaplane to almost 400 mph in the 1931 Schneider Trophy. The Merlin was a powerful V12 engine and was fitted into many World War II aircraft: the Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, de Havilland Mosquito (two-engine), Avro Lancaster (four-engine), Vickers Wellington (two-engine); it also transformed the American P-51 Mustang into possibly the best fighter of its time, its Merlin engine built by Packard under licence. Over 160,000 Merlin engines were produced. The Merlin crossed over into military vehicle use as the Meteor powering the Centurion tank among others.

1937 Aero engine manufacturers. "Kestrel" Aero Engines. "Merlin" Aero Engines.

1937 Rotol Airscrews was formed on 13th May 1937 by Rolls-Royce and Bristol Aeroplane Co to take over both companies' propeller developments.

In the post-World War II period Rolls-Royce made significant advances in gas turbine engine design and manufacture. The Dart and Tyne turboprop engines were particularly important, enabling airlines to cut times for shorter journeys whilst jet airliners were introduced on longer services. The Dart engine was used in Argosy, Avro 748, Friendship, Herald and Viscount aircraft, whilst the more powerful Tyne powered the Atlantic, Transall and Vanguard, and the SRN-4 hovercraft. Many of these turboprops are still in service. Amongst the jet engines of this period was the RB163 Spey, which powers the Trident, BAC 1-11, Grumman Gulfstream II and Fokker F28.

During the late 1950s and 1960s there was a significant rationalisation of all aspects of British aerospace and this included aero-engine manufacturers, culminating in the merger of Rolls-Royce and Bristol Siddeley in 1966 (Bristol Siddeley had itself resulted from the merger of Armstrong Siddeley and Bristol Aero Engines in 1959). Bristol Siddeley, with its principal factory at Filton, near Bristol, had a strong base in military engines, including the Olympus, Viper, Pegasus and Orpheus. They also manufactured the Olympus 593 Mk610 for Concorde.

1968 First test run of the RB.211 turbo-fan engine for Lockheed.

List of Engines

Piston aero-engine

• Eagle 1915-1928 - (4,681 built) - V12
• Hawk 1915-1918 - (215 built) - V6
• Falcon 1916-1927 - (2,185 built) - V12 of 14.2 litres
• Condor 1918-1932 - (327 built) - V12
• Merlin 1935- - (150,000) - V12 of 27 litres
• Kestrel 1927
• Peregrine
• Buzzard
• R 1929-34 - (19 built)
• Griffon
• Exe
• Pennine 1945- - X24 of 44 litres
• Vulture X24
• Crecy 1945- - (6 built) - V12 of 26.1 litres
• Eagle 22 (50 built) - H24 of 46 litres

Gas turbine turbojet aero-engines

• Welland 1943- -(167 built)
• Derwent
• Nene 1944- Aka RB.41
• Tay Aka RB.44
• Avon 1950-1974 - (>11,000 built)
• Viper 1953-
• Olympus
• Soar 1953-

Gas turbine turboprop aero-engines

• Clyde Aka RB.39
• Trent 1945- Aka RB.50
• Dart Aka RB.53
• Tweed
• Tyne aka RB.109

Gas turbine bypass turbofan aero-engines

• Conway aka RB.80
• Medway
• Spey
• RB 211
• Tay aka RB.183
• Turbomeca Adour
• RB.199
• Trent

Gas turbine lift jet aero-engines

• RB.108
• RB.145
• RB.162
• Pegasus

Gas turbine turboshaft aero-engines

• Gem aka RS.360
• RTM322

• Goshawk

• Orpheus
• Olympus 593

Sources of Information

• [1] Wikipedia
• 1961 Guide to Key British Enterprises