G. Kynoch and Co: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:44, 27 June 2023

of Lion Works, Witton, Birmingham

formerly Pursall and Phillips and briefly William Pursall and Co

1863 George Kynoch took over the business and the company began to manufacture percussion caps and later going on to manufacture metallic ammunition.

By 1864 The company had obtained contracts for the supply of ammunition to the war department and the Turkish government.

The cartridge made of coiled brass strip and developed by Colonel Boxer, superintendent in the royal laboratory, was giving trouble and the war department wished to replace it.

1868 Kynoch, in partnership with his manager, William Whitehill, filed a patent on 1 April, for improvements in cartridge construction, namely, to make the case of solid drawn brass. The Lion Works, as it became known at Witton, by now comprised large workshops and well-spaced loading sheds.

1870 The fourth explosion at the factory in two years was reported, this one on November 17th killing eight and injuring twenty, including children. On December 9th an even more appalling accident occurred in the neighbouring cartridge factory of Ludlow and Co - possibly a Kynoch licensee - when 17 people were killed instantly and 34 more died later from their injuries; a national outcry ensued.

1870 Kynoch's love of speculation led him into cash flow problems and he sold his rights to the Witton land for £8,000, only to buy them back two years later with 19 acres of freehold land adjoining for £9,000. The firm's rapid expansion in such a hazardous trade was not accompanied by the close attention to safe procedures that it deserved and there were four serious accidents in two years, the last in November 1870.

The manufacture of ammunition, including copper percussion caps for cartridges, continued and by the late 1870s orders for up to 150 million were being handled.

1872 Purchased a further 19 acres of land.

Mr. Kynoch was in difficulty with his creditors, but received assistance from Mr. John Abraham, who entered into partnership with him. Supplemented by Mr. Abraham's capital, the business recovered, grew to very large dimensions, and at one time employed upwards of 3,000 hands.

1870s Moved to the Lion Works.

By 1876 he had developed the Kynoch Press and began in-house printing of sporting and military cartridge wrappers.

1877 Rolling mill was leased in Water Street, Birmingham.

1882 Second largest ammunition factory in Great Britain on a site of 24 acres, a brass rolling mill elsewhere in Birmingham, a patent lamp business, and a printing office. Daily cartridge capacity was now 400,000 and there are 800 employees. They were about to buy a gun factory and had even bigger plans for the Lion Works factory and also for political and public service - requiring more money and more personal time.

1884 The company took limited status. The company was registered on 16 July, as G. Kynoch and Co, to take over the business of the firm of Kynoch and Co, sporting and military ammunition manufacturers. ^[1]

1884 A new company, G. Kynoch and Co, was set up, with six directors and George Kynoch as managing director; he was to receive a salary of £500 a year and 10 per cent of the profits. His original company was sold to this organization for £110,000.

1885 The first year's trading profit of the new company was £30,000 but the board required a bank overdraft which one year later stood at £50,000. Ominously, government inspectors rejected a million cartridges and the directors drew Kynoch's attention to defective supervision. In 1886 the profit was marginal: this was converted into a loss in 1887 which was increased fourfold in 1888.

1886 The new company structure was not proving a success and the company was in serious decline.

By 1887 relations between the board and Kynoch were seriously strained and, having obtained an independent report, the directors recorded their opinion that the constant supervision required at Witton was incompatible with the duties of a member of parliament.

1888 The disputes between George Kynoch and the Board come to a head and he was forced to resign. Arthur Chamberlain joined the Board and was appointed Chairman. He would serve for the next 25 years.

Early in 1888, the shareholders became aware of the company's plight and formed a committee of investigation which during the year identified the problems and outlined the remedies, in particular stressing the shortcomings of the managing director. Kynoch was asked to resign which he did by letter ‘owing to the state of my health’. An action in the Court of Queen's bench was necessary to liquidate the debt of £14,000 he owed the company.

1888/9 Two unsuccessful Kynoch enterprises were disposed of: the lamp factory and the gun business. The metal rolling plant in Water Street, owned by George Kynoch, was bought by the company and an option to purchase was obtained on a larger mill in Lodge Road. These moves gave the Company security of metal supply and control over quality. Work was started on a new .303 plant, a Q.F. (quick-firing shell) factory and a fuse-making department. Determined measures were taken to improve quality control. 85 acres of extra land at Witton and Streetly were obtained in order to provide improved magazines and adequate proof ranges. Attempts to change the factory name from Lion Works - too closely associated with George Kynoch - to Witton Ammunition Works were however unsuccessful.

1890/1 Tendered for the supply of cordite to the War Office^[2]

The Company was complimented by H.M. Chief Inspector of Explosives on its safety arrangements. In addition to its military ammunition work the Company was producing half a million sporting cartridges a week.

The Water Street mill was closed and production concentrated at the developing Lodge Road factory; a cupro-nickel casting shop was built at Witton; and a part-time consulting metallurgist was appointed.

A serious dispute halted production and all 3,000 employees joined the strike which had started over the alleged malpractice of a foreman in using apprentices to do the work of skilled toolmakers. Despite this the Company was generally recognised as one which paid well and treated its employees in an enlightened manner.

1893 Kynochs entered the field of high explosive production by purchasing a Yorkshire company, Shortridge and Wright.

1895 Commenced supplying cordite to the War Office

1895 New factory was built on a 170 acre site at Arklow on the east coast of Ireland to produce cordite. Very quickly gelignite, dynamite and Kynite were introduced to the product range. A second factory was soon planned, this time on a 750 acre site in Essex, christened "Kynochtown". Glycerine would also be produced at the Lion Works, together with soap and candles (7-8 tons per week) made from the by-products of glycerine manufacture.

A Siemens-Martin steel melting plant was installed at Witton to supply Birmingham manufacturers with a variety of steel castings and to permit the manufacture of shells of various types including armour-piercing. A new Bullet Shop was created. Witton's first rolling mill was laid down together with a casting shop. Its purpose was to satisfy Lion Works' need for the brass required for ammunition production, leaving the Lodge Road factory to concentrate on trade with third parties. The Company was rolling 100 tons of brass a week. There were also plans for setting up plant to make bicycle components.

1896/7 Directory: Advertiser. More detail ^[3]

1897 Renamed as Kynoch Ltd

Sources of Information

The British Motorcycle Directory - Over 1,100 Marques from 1888 - by Roy Bacon and Ken Hallworth. Pub: The Crowood Press 2004 ISBN 1 86126 674 X
Birmingham’s Industrial Heritage by Ray Shill. Published by Sutton Publishing 2002. ISBN 0-7509-2593-0
[1] Staffs Home Guard Web Site
Trademarked. A History of Well-Known Brands - from Aertex to Wright's Coal Tar by David Newton. Pub: Sutton Publishing 2008 ISBN 978-0-7509-4590-5

↑ The Stock Exchange Year Book 1908
↑ The Times, Jul 20, 1910
↑ Peck's Trades Directory of Birmingham, 1896-97: Advertisers

[1] The Stock Exchange Year Book 1908

[2] The Times, Jul 20, 1910

[3] Peck's Trades Directory of Birmingham, 1896-97: Advertisers

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image:Im1884KellyW-Kynoch.jpg|thumb| 1884. ]]
-[[Image:Im189904CTC-Kynoch.jpg|thumb| April 1899. ]]
-[[image:Im040630CTR-Kynoch.jpg|thumb| June 1904. ]]
+of Lion Works, Witton, Birmingham
-‎‎[[Image:ImEnV101-p660.jpg ‎|thumb| 1906. ]]
-[[Image:Im19200924MCT-Kynoch1.jpg|thumb| September 1920.]]
-[[Image:Im19200924MCT-Kynoch2.jpg|thumb| September 1920.]]
-[[Image:Im19200924MCT-Kynoch3.jpg|thumb| September 1920.]]
-'''Kynoch Limited''' of Lion Works, Witton, Birmingham
+formerly [[Pursall and Phillips]] and briefly [[William Pursall and Co]]
-==Introduction==
+[[George Kynoch]] took over the business and the company began to manufacture percussion caps and later going on to manufacture metallic ammunition.
-[[George Kynoch]] was born at Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.
-'''Kynoch''' joined [[Pursall and Phillips]] of Whittall Street, Birmingham, manufacturers of percussion caps.
+By 1864 The company had obtained contracts for the supply of ammunition to the war department and the Turkish government.
-Catastrophic explosion at the company on September 27th, killing 19 of its 70 employees including children, gravely injuring many others, devastating the factory and damaging the surrounding area.
+The cartridge made of coiled brass strip and developed by [[Edward Mourrier Boxer|Colonel Boxer]], superintendent in the royal laboratory, was giving trouble and the war department wished to replace it.
-'''Mr Pursall''' applies for and is granted permission to build a powder magazine and percussion cap manufactory on a 4 acre site at Witton, a country hamlet in a safer location.
+Kynoch, in partnership with his manager, [[William Whitehill]], filed a patent on 1 April, for improvements in cartridge construction, namely, to make the case of solid drawn brass. The Lion Works, as it became known at Witton, by now comprised large workshops and well-spaced loading sheds.
-==G. Kynoch==
+The fourth explosion at the factory in two years was reported, this one on November 17th killing eight and injuring twenty, including children. On December 9th an even more appalling accident occurred in the neighbouring cartridge factory of [[Ludlow and Co (Birmingham)|Ludlow and Co]] - possibly a Kynoch licensee - when 17 people were killed instantly and 34 more died later from their injuries; a national outcry ensued.
-'''George Kynoch''' took over the [[Pursall and Phillips]] business. '''Kynoch''' began to manufacture percussion caps at the Lion Works, Witton, Birmingham, later going on to manufacture metallic ammunition.
-s Moved to the Lion Works.
+Kynoch's love of speculation led him into cash flow problems and he sold his rights to the Witton land for £8,000, only to buy them back two years later with 19 acres of freehold land adjoining for £9,000. The firm's rapid expansion in such a hazardous trade was not accompanied by the close attention to safe procedures that it deserved and there were four serious accidents in two years, the last in November 1870.
-The fourth explosion at the factory in two years was reported, this one on November 17th killing eight and injuring twenty, including children. On December 9th an even more appalling accident occurred in the neighbouring cartridge factory of [[Ludlow and Co]] - possibly a Kynoch licensee - when 17 people were killed instantly and 34 more died later from their injuries; a national outcry ensued.
+The manufacture of ammunition, including copper percussion caps for cartridges, continued and by the late 1870s orders for up to 150 million were being handled.
-'''George Kynoch''' purchased a further 19 acres of land.
+Purchased a further 19 acres of land.
-A rolling mill was leased in Water Street, Birmingham.
+Mr. Kynoch was in difficulty with his creditors, but received assistance from Mr. [[John Abraham]], who entered into partnership with him. Supplemented by Mr. Abraham's capital, the business recovered, grew to very large dimensions, and at one time employed upwards of 3,000 hands.
-'''George Kynoch''' owned the second largest ammunition factory in Great Britain on a site of 24 acres, a brass rolling mill elsewhere in Birmingham, a patent lamp business, and a printing office. Daily cartridge capacity was now 400,000 and there are 800 employees.  He was about to buy a gun factory and he had even bigger plans for the Lion Works factory and also for political and public service - requiring more money and more personal time.
+s Moved to the Lion Works.
-The company took limited status. The company was registered on 16 July, as [[G. Kynoch and Co]], to take over the business of the firm of '''Kynoch and Co''', sporting and military ammunition manufacturers. <ref>The Stock Exchange Year Book 1908</ref>
+By 1876 he had developed the Kynoch Press and began in-house printing of sporting and military cartridge wrappers.
-The new company structure was not proving a success and the company was in serious decline. '''George Kynoch''' was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Aston.
+Rolling mill was leased in Water Street, Birmingham.
-The disputes between '''George Kynoch''' and the Board come to a head and he was forced to resign. '''Arthur Chamberlain''' joined the Board and was appointed Chairman. He would serve for the next 25 years.
+Second largest ammunition factory in Great Britain on a site of 24 acres, a brass rolling mill elsewhere in Birmingham, a patent lamp business, and a printing office. Daily cartridge capacity was now 400,000 and there are 800 employees.  They were about to buy a gun factory and had even bigger plans for the Lion Works factory and also for political and public service - requiring more money and more personal time.
-/9 Two unsuccessful '''Kynoch''' enterprises were disposed of: the lamp factory and the gun business. The metal rolling plant in Water Street, owned by '''George Kynoch''', was bought by the company and an option to purchase was obtained on a larger mill in Lodge Road. These moves gave the Company security of metal supply and control over quality. Work was started on a new .303 plant, a Q.F. (quick-firing shell) factory and a fuse-making department. Determined measures were taken to improve quality control. 85 acres of extra land at Witton and Streetly were obtained in order to provide improved magazines and adequate proof ranges. Attempts to change the factory name from Lion Works - too closely associated with George Kynoch - to Witton Ammunition Works were however unsuccessful.
+The company took limited status. The company was registered on 16 July, as [[G. Kynoch and Co]], to take over the business of the firm of '''Kynoch and Co''', sporting and military ammunition manufacturers. <ref>The Stock Exchange Year Book 1908</ref>
-'''George Kynoch''' died in self-imposed exile in South Africa.
+A new company, [[G. Kynoch and Co]], was set up, with six directors and George Kynoch as managing director; he was to receive a salary of £500 a year and 10 per cent of the profits. His original company was sold to this organization for £110,000.
-The Company was complimented by H.M. Chief Inspector of Explosives on its safety arrangements. In addition to its military ammunition work the Company was producing half a million sporting cartridges a week.
+The first year's trading profit of the new company was £30,000 but the board required a bank overdraft which one year later stood at £50,000. Ominously, government inspectors rejected a million cartridges and the directors drew Kynoch's attention to defective supervision. In 1886 the profit was marginal: this was converted into a loss in 1887 which was increased fourfold in 1888.
-The Water Street mill was closed and production concentrated at the developing Lodge Road factory; a cupro-nickel casting shop was built at Witton; and a part-time consulting metallurgist was appointed.
-A serious dispute halted production and all 3,000 employees joined the strike which had started over the alleged malpractice of a foreman in using apprentices to do the work of skilled toolmakers. Despite this the Company was generally recognised as one which paid well and treated its employees in an enlightened manner.
+The new company structure was not proving a success and the company was in serious decline.
-'''Kynochs''' entered the field of high explosive production by purchasing a Yorkshire company, [[Shortridge and Wright]].
+By 1887 relations between the board and Kynoch were seriously strained and, having obtained an independent report, the directors recorded their opinion that the constant supervision required at Witton was incompatible with the duties of a member of parliament.
-A new factory was built on a 170 acre site at Arklow on the east coast of Ireland to produce cordite. Very quickly gelignite, dynamite and Kynite were introduced to the product range. A second factory was soon planned, this time on a 750 acre site in Essex, christened "Kynochtown". Glycerine would also be produced at the Lion Works, together with soap and candles (7-8 tons per week) made from the by-products of glycerine manufacture.
+The disputes between George Kynoch and the Board come to a head and he was forced to resign. [[Arthur Chamberlain]] joined the Board and was appointed Chairman. He would serve for the next 25 years.
-A Siemens-Martin steel melting plant was installed at Witton to supply Birmingham manufacturers with a variety of steel castings and to permit the manufacture of shells of various types including armour-piercing. A new Bullet Shop was created. Witton's first rolling mill was laid down together with a casting shop. Its purpose was to satisfy Lion Works's need for the brass required for ammunition production, leaving the Lodge Road factory to concentrate on trade with third parties. The Company was rolling 100 tons of brass a week. There were also plans for setting up plant to make bicycle components.
+Early in 1888, the shareholders became aware of the company's plight and formed a committee of investigation which during the year identified the problems and outlined the remedies, in particular stressing the shortcomings of the managing director. Kynoch was asked to resign which he did by letter ‘owing to the state of my health’. An action in the Court of Queen's bench was necessary to liquidate the debt of £14,000 he owed the company.
-/7 Directory: Advertiser. [[Peck's Trades Directory of Birmingham, 1896-97: Advertisers|More detail]] <ref>[[Peck's Trades Directory of Birmingham, 1896-97: Advertisers]]</ref>
+/9 Two unsuccessful Kynoch enterprises were disposed of: the lamp factory and the gun business. The metal rolling plant in Water Street, owned by George Kynoch, was bought by the company and an option to purchase was obtained on a larger mill in Lodge Road. These moves gave the Company security of metal supply and control over quality. Work was started on a new .303 plant, a Q.F. (quick-firing shell) factory and a fuse-making department. Determined measures were taken to improve quality control. 85 acres of extra land at Witton and Streetly were obtained in order to provide improved magazines and adequate proof ranges. Attempts to change the factory name from Lion Works - too closely associated with George Kynoch - to Witton Ammunition Works were however unsuccessful.
-The shareholders were warned that the Company would need to raise further capital to finance this rapid rate of development. They willingly complied and a new company was formed, '''Kynoch Ltd''' with a nominal capital of £500,000 and with Chamberlain still its chairman.
+/1 Tendered for the supply of cordite to the War Office<ref>The Times, Jul 20, 1910</ref>
--8 A period of further rapid development. At Witton the new bicycle plant was producing 200 sets of components (hubs, pedals and brackets) each week. Large additions were made to the ammunition plants. Lion Works was for the first time equipped to cast and roll all of its cartridge brass. Production of candles reached 60 tons a week. A Kynoch machine gun was introduced.
+The Company was complimented by H.M. Chief Inspector of Explosives on its safety arrangements. In addition to its military ammunition work the Company was producing half a million sporting cartridges a week.
+The Water Street mill was closed and production concentrated at the developing Lodge Road factory; a cupro-nickel casting shop was built at Witton; and a part-time consulting metallurgist was appointed.
-s By the early years the firm had ten factories in Birmingham, Kynochtown in Essex, Barsnley and Ireland, producing explosives, engines, paper, soap, candles, brass, copper and all kinds of shells.
+A serious dispute halted production and all 3,000 employees joined the strike which had started over the alleged malpractice of a foreman in using apprentices to do the work of skilled toolmakers. Despite this the Company was generally recognised as one which paid well and treated its employees in an enlightened manner.
-/2 '''Kynoch''' acquired various new businesses and premises: the Eyre Street factory of [[Hadley and Shorthouse]], producing nails and brass and copper tubes and wire; a large factory at Stirchley to produce armour-piercing and shrapnel shells; [[Forward Gas Engine Co|Forward Engineering Co]] adding gas engines to their range of machine guns and roller bearings; a paper mill in Ireland.
+Kynochs entered the field of high explosive production by purchasing a Yorkshire company, [[Shortridge and Wright]].
-A second Irish paper mill was purchased. Negotiations started on the purchase of a South African explosives factory. New plant to make soap was installed at Witton and at Eyre Street to make tintacks.
+Commenced supplying cordite to the War Office
-The trading results for the financial year showed a big deterioration and those for 1907 revealed an 80% fall in profits from their normal level. No dividend was declared.
+New factory was built on a 170 acre site at Arklow on the east coast of Ireland to produce cordite. Very quickly gelignite, dynamite and Kynite were introduced to the product range. A second factory was soon planned, this time on a 750 acre site in Essex, christened "Kynochtown". Glycerine would also be produced at the Lion Works, together with soap and candles (7-8 tons per week) made from the by-products of glycerine manufacture.
-Shortage of work led to temporary shut-downs at Witton of the Cycle Department and brass casting workshop, followed by general short-time working except for the steel, shell, soap and glycerine departments. Outside powder suppliers objected to the increasing use by Kynoch of its own smokeless powders in cartridge production on the grounds of unfair competition. Kynoch's response was brutal: henceforth it would only accept orders from its own customers which specify use of Kynoch powder.
+A Siemens-Martin steel melting plant was installed at Witton to supply Birmingham manufacturers with a variety of steel castings and to permit the manufacture of shells of various types including armour-piercing. A new Bullet Shop was created. Witton's first rolling mill was laid down together with a casting shop. Its purpose was to satisfy Lion Works' need for the brass required for ammunition production, leaving the Lodge Road factory to concentrate on trade with third parties. The Company was rolling 100 tons of brass a week. There were also plans for setting up plant to make bicycle components.
-Acquired '''Holford Mills''', a significant purchase of a run-down ammunition factory on an adjoining 33 acre site which had formerly been the [[National Arms and Ammunition Co]]. In 1888 the mill had been taken over by the [[Gatling Gun Co]] for a short time, and later by [[Accles]] to make guns but they had been forced to leave in February 1902<ref>Black Country History [http://blackcountryhistory.org/collections/getrecord/GB146_BS-AP/]</ref>.
+/7 Directory: Advertiser. [[Peck's Trades Directory of Birmingham, 1896-97: Advertisers|More detail]] <ref>[[Peck's Trades Directory of Birmingham, 1896-97: Advertisers]]</ref>
-'''Arthur Chamberlain''' died and was succeeded by his son, '''Arthur Chamberlain Junior'''. He disposed of the two paper mills and gave more attention to metal production. The casting and rolling shops had had long periods of idleness but they were restarted and additional rolling plant installed.
-Manufacturing upon a large scale all kinds of Munitions of War, Sporting Ammunition, Blasting Powder, Fog Signals, Soaps and Candles, Paper, Coins, Metals, Nails, Iron Castings, Cycles, Gas Engines, Suction Gas Plants etc. Employees 5000. <ref>[[1914 Whitakers Red Book]]</ref>
-WWI Took over the [[Birmingham Metal and Munitions Co]]. By the end of the war 3.5 billion small arms cartridges had been produced.
-==Nobel Industries==
-The company was merged into [[Nobel Industries|Explosives Trades Ltd]], along with [[Eley Brothers| Eley]] and other ammunition makers.
-[[Nobel Industries|Explosives Trades Ltd]] changed its name to [[Nobel Industries]]; '''Kynoch''' retained its own name.
-Invested in downstream outlets for their products in the aircraft and motor sectors: holdings were acquired in [[John Marston Ltd]], the manufacturers of the world famous ''Sunbeam'' cycles and motorcycles as well as radiators and radiator tubes, [[Amac]] Ltd. of Aston (motorcycle carburettors) and [[Excelsior Motor Radiator Co]]. Ltd. of Leeds (aircraft radiators)<ref>History of Kynoch Works [http://www.staffshomeguard.co.uk/KOtherInformationKynochV2A.htm]</ref> <ref>The Times, Wednesday, Jul 07, 1920</ref>.
-Acquired over one-third of the issued capital of [[Rotax Motor Accessories Co]].
-'''Arthur Chamberlain''' resigned as chairman of the local Board and was replaced by [[Harry Duncan McGowan|Sir Harry McGowan]] who was also Chairman of [[Nobel Industries]].
-The South African explosives interests were transferred elsewhere in the [[Nobel Industries]] organisation.
-The Witton activities of soap, candles, cycles and general engineering products were abandoned. The site's activities comprised effectively "the ammunition side" and "the metals side". Three departments at Kings Norton, especially involving strip, were re-opened to meet increasing demand.
-Three more electric melting furnaces were ordered.
-Investment was made "to fit up the old Machine Shop at Witton to undertake metallic work for sporting cartridges and metal sundries". Copper consumption soon reached 400 tons per month. Despite '''Eley''' being the senior partner in the area of sporting ammunition within '''Nobel Industries''', '''Kynochs''' succeeded in persuading the Board of Nobels to concentrate all production on the Witton site. The transfer of plant and personnel from Eley's Waltham Abbey factory, and the transformation of production facilities at Witton, was a long and gradual process. The Eley name was preserved by renaming all Nobel sporting ammunition "Eley-Kynoch".
-A new company was formed: [[Lightning Fasteners]] to handle the zip fastener business.
-==ICI Metals Division==
-As part of [[Nobel Industries]], the company became part of the newly formed [[ICI|Imperial Chemical Industries]]; the Witton factory continued as the ammunition manufacturing centre and became the centre of [[ICI Metals Division]].
-Installed a hot rolling mill.
-The Strip Mill was producing 500 tons a month and annual Rod Mill capacity had soared to 14,000 tons. Another tube mill, [[Broughton Copper Co]] of Salford, was purchased.
-Witton's own tube mill was commissioned.
-[[Matchless| Matchless Motorcycles (Colliers) Ltd]] purchased the '''Sunbeam''' motorcycle and cycle business of [[John Marston Ltd]] from [[ICI]]<ref>The Times, Tuesday, Sep 07, 1937</ref>
-==Imperial Metal Industries==
-The [[ICI Metals Division|Metal Division of ICI]] was reorganised and became known as [[IMI Group|Imperial Metal Industries]].
-[[IMI Group]] quoted on the London Stock Exchange; [[ICI]] retained a majority shareholding.
-[[IMI Group|IMI]] became fully independent.
-The '''Ammunition Division''' was incorporated as Eley.
-==Motorcycles==
-Illustrated pamphlet describing the patent roller bearing for shafting. <ref>The Engineer of 18th May 1900 p527</ref>
-'''Hayden''' were motorcycles produced in 1904 for [[Hayden|F. Hayden]] of Cheltenham, by [[G. Kynoch and Co|Kynochs]] of Birmingham.  A machine was built that used the frame as a fuel tank.  The tubes were larger in diameter than normal, and the oil was carried in a reservoir by the bottom bracket.  It had braced forks and a simple form of plunger rear suspension.  It was fitted with a vertically mounted [[Simms Manufacturing Co| Simms]] 2.75hp engine with magneto and [[FN]] carburettor.  The drive to the rear wheel was by belt.  At least two examples of the machine were constructed.
-For several years there was no more mention of '''Kynoch''' motorcycles.
-The firm re-appeared as motor cycle makers with a model fitted with a 3.5hp [[J. A. Prestwich Industries|JAP]] or [[Precision]] engine, [[BSA]] two-speed gear or free-engine option, and [[Druid]] forks.
-Only [[J. A. Prestwich Industries|JAP]] engines were used, either a 4hp single or a 6hp twin, driving a [[Sturmey-Archer]] three-speed hub gear.  The machine had belt final drive and the single was also listed with direct-belt drive.
+Renamed as [[Kynoch|Kynoch Ltd]]
 == See Also ==
@@ Line 145: / Line 79: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT: Kynoch, G}}
 [[Category: Town - Birmingham]]
-[[Category: Motorcycles]]
-[[Category: Cycles]]
-[[Category: Stationary Engines]]
 [[Category: Ammunition and Explosives]]
 [[Category: Non-Ferrous Metals]]
-[[Category: Bearings]]
 [[Category: Candles and Matches]]

Grace's Guide To British Industrial History

G. Kynoch and Co: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:44, 27 June 2023

See Also

Sources of Information