Dutch State Mines
1902 Dutch State Mines founded as a state-owned company.
Expanded in mining and gradually built-up chemical activities.
1960s The company and the Dutch government realized that mining was no longer economically viable in The Netherlands; the company embarked on its first transformation to become a basic chemicals company.
1970s and 1980s the company expanded its chemical activities via various diversifications but with limited success.
Late 89s and early 90s growth stalled.
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Sources of Information